{"id":77306,"date":"2021-08-06T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-08-06T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.embention.com\/index.php\/2021\/08\/06\/control-vectorial-de-pmsms\/"},"modified":"2024-04-04T08:14:16","modified_gmt":"2024-04-04T08:14:16","slug":"control-vectorial-de-pmsms","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/staging.embention.com\/es\/noticias\/control-vectorial-de-pmsms\/","title":{"rendered":"Control Vectorial de PMSMs"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Existen diferentes estrategias que se pueden seguir para el control de Motores S\u00edncronos de Im\u00e1n Permanente (PMSM); el control vectorial ha mostrado algunas ventajas sobre otras estrategias.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Vectores o Escalares<\/h2>\n<p>El control vectorial presenta notables ventajas frente a los controles tradicionales escalares cuando hablamos de motores PMSM. Mediante un control escalar no se est\u00e1 controlando el motor exactamente, pero en cambio se tiene una idea bastante aproximada de lo que est\u00e1 haciendo y en muchas ocasiones es suficiente. El inversor proporciona al motor un voltaje y una frecuencia y en consecuencia el motor responder\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Por otra parte el control vectorial se basa en conocer la posici\u00f3n del motor, lo que permite determinar el campo magn\u00e9tico necesario para empujar el rotor en la direcci\u00f3n deseada (y adem\u00e1s se hace varios miles de veces por segundo). Un control escalar solo ser\u00eda capaz de proporcionar un punto de velocidad para que el motor lo siguiese lo mejor posible, sin importar factores externos y\/o perturbaciones.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Generando el campo magn\u00e9tico<\/h3>\n<p>La parte m\u00e1s importante del control vectorial es obtener la posici\u00f3n del rotor. Es decir, a qu\u00e9 direcci\u00f3n apunta el campo magn\u00e9tico del rotor.<\/p>\n<p>La direcci\u00f3n real del campo magn\u00e9tico viene dada por la fuerza electromotriz (EMF) del motor que es inducida en los devanados del estator por el campo magn\u00e9tico del rotor. Esta EMF se comportar\u00e1 como una fuente de voltaje conectada en serie con la resistencia del rotor \/ inductancia de fuga y en paralelo con la inductancia magnetizante. Si se conocen los par\u00e1metros del motor, es posible estimar el valor de la EMF. Este valor es un vector, es decir, tiene una magnitud y una direcci\u00f3n que apunta en la misma direcci\u00f3n que el campo magn\u00e9tico del rotor. A este algoritmo se le denomina com\u00fanmente\u00a0observador.<\/p>\n<p>Una vez determinado el campo magn\u00e9tico, la parte de\u00a0control\u00a0suele ser un regulador PI que controla dos par\u00e1metros:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Par, controlado por la corriente activa comandada.<\/li>\n<li>Flujo del campo magn\u00e9tico, dado por la corriente reactiva.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Pero, si las corrientes de cada fase del motor son din\u00e1micas, sinusoidales y dependientes del tiempo, \u00bfC\u00f3mo se pueden controlar con un controlador PI? La respuesta se encuentra en las transformadas de Clarke y Park que simplemente mueven el sistema de referencia hasta situarlo en el rotor, de forma que el resultado pasa a ser dos componentes escalares independientes del tiempo ideales para ser controladas por controlador cl\u00e1sico (como un PI). \u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Con estas peque\u00f1as complejidades a\u00f1adidas se consigue un control mucho m\u00e1s preciso, eficiente y moderno.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>La visi\u00f3n de Embention<\/h2>\n<p>Teniendo en cuenta este contexto, Embention ha lanzado al mercado su nueva gama de productos\u00a0MC25KW\u00a0y\u00a0MC280 implementando un control FOC de alta eficiencia y sin necesidad de sensorizaci\u00f3n extra.\u00a0Gracias a esto se consigue un control \u00f3ptimo y una gesti\u00f3n inteligente de la corriente utilizada, permitiendo un consumo adecuado para cada aplicaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>Adem\u00e1s, se fabrica siguiendo un estricto procedimiento de fabricaci\u00f3n (ATP), incluyendo fases de ESS (estr\u00e9s ambiental en temperatura y vibraci\u00f3n) siendo posible probar la fiabilidad del ESC a las autoridades, proporcionando c\u00e1lculos de MTBF, ATR (informes de aceptaci\u00f3n de ensayos), COC (Certificado de conformidad), DO178 (PSAC, SDP, SQAP, etc.) y DO254 (PHAC, HVVP, HTP, etc.)\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Existen diferentes estrategias que se pueden seguir para el control de Motores S\u00edncronos de Im\u00e1n Permanente (PMSM); el control vectorial ha mostrado algunas ventajas sobre otras estrategias.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":87522,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[373],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-77306","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticias"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>El Control Vectorial como opci\u00f3n para PMSMs<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Potencia el rendimiento de tus motores PMSM con el control vectorial. 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